Here are some basic road rules that you should be aware of when you drive in Japan!

1) Drive on the LEFT side of the road. Pedestrians should walk on the right side.
2) The right of way is given to pedestrians. Be careful at crosswalks without traffic signals.
3) You may NOT turn left at a red light. Take special care when turning.
4) The driver and any front seat passengers MUST wear their seat belt at all times. Children under 6 years old much use child safety seats.
5) There is ZERO tolerance when it comes to drinking and driving. Even after a small amount, it is strictly prohibited. There are severe penalties such as being put in jail, hard labor and fines. Your drivers license will be suspended and/or cancelled.
6 ) Motorcycle riders must wear helmets.

If you commit a minor violation, you will be issued a blue violation ticket and a fine. You are required to pay that fine within 7 days.

If you have lived in Japan longer than 1 year, an International Driver's permit will not be valid even if you didn't have one during your first year. You must apply for a Japanese driver's license. How to get a Japanese Driver's License

Rules of the Road in Six Languages

Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) has been providing "Rules of the Road" in six languages for foreign motorists. It is designed to prevent traffic accidents involving foreign residents in Japan and promote their safety on the road. The price is 1,000 yen per copy (including consumption tax. Add postage).
The current issue in each language covers the revised 2002 Road Traffic Law. For inquiries, contact JAF Regional Offices.

Japan Automobile Federation - Locate an JAF office near you.

Traffic Safety Guide for Foreigners

This safety guide is avaliable in many languages including English, Chinese, and Spanish. The book is illustrated and gives details to the rules to drive in Japan. They are avaliable at your Driver's Licensing Center. They are free of charge.

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport - Motor Vehicle Inspection and Registration Guide - Official information.